Cholesterol RESOURCES

Analyte List

References

Cholesterol Resources

Sample Report

Brochure

Specimen Type: Serum

Turnaround Time: 2-4+ weeks

Test Markers: 5

advanced cholesterol profile

GENERAL

The concept of "good" and "bad" cholesterol depends highly on the circumstances of the individual person. Although very high blood serum cholesterol values are associated with heart disease, low values are associated with increased violent behavior, suicide, depression, anxiety, bipolar disease, Parkinson's disease, and increased mortality from cancer.

Cholesterol serves several important roles in metabolism: It is a key constituent of all cell membranes and provides the structural framework for vitamin D, adrenal and sex hormones, and brain myelin, as well as for bile acids which help digest fat and increase absorption of fat-soluble vitamins. Most cholesterol is made in the liver and can be synthesized from either fatty acids or glucose. Cholesterol synthesized in the brain is the primary component of the myelin that surrounds each nerve cell as a protective sheath. Loss of myelin inevitably causes neurological damage. Both neurons and glial (support) cells in the central nervous system (CNS) require sufficient amounts of unbound cholesterol as an integral part of their cell membranes. Cholesterol is also essential for the activation of the developmental protein, “Sonic Hedgehog”, which plays a role in cell growth and the shaping of the body in utero, especially the brain and central nervous system

The Advanced Cholesterol Profile to detect if a cholesterol deficiency is present or if levels are elevated. This profile also determines risk factors for vascular disease and/or neurological disease. The Advanced Cholesterol Panel includes the following markers: Total cholesterol, apolipoprotein A-1, apolipoprotein B, Lipoprotein (a), and homocysteine. Lipoproteins are involved in cholesterol, lipid, and vitamin E transport. Each of these markers, indicated in high or low levels, has been associated with a variety of genetic diseases of cholesterol metabolism including SLOS, Tangier’s disease, and abetalipoproteinemia.

Disorders Associated with Low Cholesterol

• Alzheimer’s Disease

• Crohn’s Disease

• Rheumatoid Arthritis

• Autism

• Depression

• Anxiety

• Hyperthyroidism

• Liver Disease

• Celiac Disease

• Bipolar Disease

• Alcoholism

• Lung Cancer

• Suicide

• Obesity Associated with Human Adenovirus-36 Infection

RECOMMENDATIONS

Depending on test results, follow-up may include:

• Dietary modification

• Supplementation

• Follow-up/Confirmational testing

SPECIMEN REQUIREMENTS

Serum: 4 mL of serum in 2 gold-topped SST or in 2 royal blue-topped no additive tubes

CPT CODES

• 82172*2

• 82465

• 83090

• 83695

• 83718

THIS TEST IS ALSO KNOWN AS:

References

1. E Tierney, I Bukelis, R Thompson, K Ahmed, A Aneja, L Kratz, and R Kelley Abnormalities of Cholesterol Metabolism in Autism Spectrum Disorders. American Journal of Medical Genetics Part B (Neuropsychiatric Genetics) 141B:666–668. 2006

2. Tierney E, Nwokoro NA, Kelley RI Behavioral phenotype of RSH/Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Ment Retard Dev Disabil Res Rev 2000;6(2):131-4

3. Modai I et al. Serum cholesterol levels and suicidal tendencies in psychiatric inpatients. J Clin Psychiatry. 1994 Jun;55(6):252

4. Cassidy F, Carroll BJ. Hypocholesterolemia during mixed manic episodes. Eur Arch Psychiatry Clin Neurosci. 2002 Jun;252(3):110-4.

5. Glueck CJ, et al Hypocholesterolemia, hypertriglyceridemia, suicide, and suicide ideation in children hospitalized for psychiatric diseases. Pediatr Res. 1994 May;35(5):602-10.

6. Jeong Juhee, McMahon Andrew. Cholesterol modification of hedgehog family proteins. J. Clin. Invest. 110:591-596. 2002

7. Perez-Guzman C, Vargas, MH, Quinonez, F, et al. A cholesterol-rich diet accelerates bacteriologic sterilization in pulmonary tuberculosis. Chest 2005; 127: 643-651.

8. Sikora DM, Pettit-Kekel K, Penfield J, Merkens LS, Steiner RD. The near universal presence of autism spectrum disorders in children with Smith-Lemli-Opitz syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2006 Jul 15;140(14):1511-8.